Goa A Paradise Essay

The tiny emerald land on the west coast of India is best known as a place of sandy beaches and parties. But far from the popular tourist hotspots, sandy beaches and loud parties – lush greenery, sparkling waterfalls and the calm of the countryside is the other face of Goa. Party all night long besides the beaches, getting tan and cocktails in the bright sun is what people generally understand from Goa. But for me the beauty of this city was just mesmerising. And it was the beauty of the crystal clear water or the beautiful canvas of Mother Nature that was calling on to me. It was peace and inner contentment which I witnessed in those beaches or taking strolls in the markets. For me to see the beauty of Goa one needs at least a week but the truth is even that week was not enough to incapacitate the stunning beauty of this city. The beaches of Goa are not just blue sea or sandy shores but the true beauty of the beaches is more to feel than to see with the naked eye. Aguada beach was the first beach which I had the opportunity to witness. Early in the morning with not much tourists or the local crowd this beach is the perfect place to relax and admire the breath taking beauty. As far as I could see I saw nothing but the giant ocean as if it was stretching out its arm, and wanted to hold sky into its bosoms. The sun rising from the edge of the sky marked a gold line that beautifully lit up the horizon. The rays of the sun turned the entire blue sky into shades of bright red and orange as if it was on fire. The rising sun was glorious and breath taking as it embarked on the fresh start of the day. The bright sun was nearly hot enough to cover me in an invisible blanket of warmth. The sunlight was glittering on every grain of sand lighting it up into tiny pieces of gold covering the land as far as your eyes can see. Hearing the sound of the waves felt as if god was playing musical symphonies on his piano. Each note would descend in such a beautiful way to give the other note a fresh start. The water was so blue as if a goddess had enwrapped herself in the beautiful symphonies played by her lover to form the drapes of her dress. Soothing, a gentle sea breeze rustles through your hair, softly whispering in your ears â€Å"come fly with me†. The location of this particular beach is so magnificent that no matter how bright or hot the sun is, the cool breeze flowing across would match up the temperature giving a perfect weather. As you walk along, you find gorgeous, shiny shells that have been washed into the shore by the rippling of the water. The warm, golden sand runs between your toes with the gentle breeze. Lying on the beach in the warm sand and looking up at the beauty of the vast canvas of nature even the naked eye is not enough to capture and understand. Vibrant yet soothing streaks of colour had filled the canvas of the sky. There were strokes of pink and orange that resembled the soft, supple skin of a perfectly ripened peach. Away from the city, the noise, the hectic schedule, the crowds, relaxing at the beach feels so calm and peaceful that no words can describe that joy. And where the time flew I had no idea. And soon it was time for sunset. The setting sun’s radiant face was mirrored by the shimmering clear blue waves of the sea which was framed by sloping land on either side, both of which were flourished with a palette of different bright shades of green, orange and purple. My ears were filled with the sweet joyous sounds of some children playing at a distance along with the humming of the birds and the sound of the rhythmic waves which created a melodic, soothing combination. Huddling into the exuberant verdure the beautiful waterfalls inland are like a sight of the paradise, watching them for hours will not be enough to satiate your desire to feast your eyes on that beauty of incredible merging of colours. There is no one on the beach. You are on your own in that Paradise corner – away from the noisy and hectic city. There are no crowds, no cars, no traffic jams. Being away from the boring routine, you feel calm and happy.

Environmental Studies Essays – Environmental Management Systems

Will Environmental Management Systems and associates Environmental Reporting enterprises aid the construct ofSustainable Development in application?The International Organization forStandardization ( ISO ) is a federation of non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) created to lucubrate and better international criterions. The ISO initiallycreated general direction criterions ( the ISO 9000 Series ) for organizationsand industries that acknowledged the value of a systematic attack tomanagement. However, as economic growing and the environment have frequently been inconflict with one and other ( and industries today face many political, socialand economic force per unit areas to better their environmental public presentation – Gale, 1996 ) the ISO further developed the 14000 Series, which applied the same managementsystem as the 9000 Series to companies ‘ environmental issues ( The LexingtonGroup, 2005: 5 ) . The rules behind the ISO 14000 Series apply to any organisation, public or private, whose activities, merchandises or services interact straight or indirectly with the environment ( The Lexington Group, 2005 ) . The ISO 14000 Series rapidly becametheenvironmental policy criterion for companies to follow, and since its constitution in 1996 1000s of organisations have adopted the Environmental Management Systems ( EMSs ) . EMSs are used in the public and private spheres, at all graduated tables, from national to local authorities, and from big multi-national corporations to little in private owned concerns. This essay will discourse if, and towhat extent, EMSs ( and specifically the Environmental Reporting subordinate ) will help the construct of sustainable development in application. This essay isstructured as follows: foremost, it discusses the most of import of the ISO 14000standards, the EMS ; 2nd, it considers another ISO 14000 constituent, Environmental Reporting ; 3rd, it analyses and considers the variables andapplication of sustainable development ; 4th, it turns to a few instance studiesto exemplify how EMSs work in pattern ; and eventually, it draws some conclusionsabout how effectual these criterions are in helping the construct of sustainabledevelopment. Environmental Management Systems As discussed in the Introduction, the ISO 14000 Series was developed to use the ISO ‘s widely recognizedmanagement systems to a company ‘s environmental issues ( The Lexington Group,2005 ) . The EMS, or ISO standard 14001, rapidly became the internationallyrecognized model for environmental direction, measuring, rating andauditing ( GreenBiz, 2005: 1 ) . To name a few illustrations, the duties ofthe EMS include: making a elaborate environmental policy for an organisation, analyzing the environmental impact of its merchandises, activities and services, set uping environmental aims, helping the organisation in meetingits legal and regulative demands, supplying preparation to employees, andoverseeing the company ‘s auditing process. The EMS meets international criterions, but is tailored to specific operations, leting companies to command the environmental impact of their activities, merchandises, and services ( GreenBiz, 2005: 1 ) . Though an organisation could, ofcourse, set up these really guidelines and parametric quantities themselves, companiesoften find that ISO 14001 adherencehelps to run into the ever-increasingenvironmental criterions and concerns of the planetary market place ( GreenBiz,2005:1 ) . Other likely benefits for a company efficaciously implementing an EMSare legion and include, among others: . a more effectual and systematic attack to pull offing itsinteractions with the environment ( The Lexington Group, 2005 ) ; . bettering cost-effectiveness ( by salvaging the money and staff timenecessary to pull off environmental personal businesss independently – The Lexington Group,2005, every bit good as by bettering efficiency and in bend cut downing the costs ofenergy, stuffs, all right and punishments – Morrow and Rondinelli, 2002:162 ) ; . leting companies to convey their environmental policies moreeffectively to neighboring communities and other stakeholders ( The LexingtonGroup, 2005 ) ; . and bettering their image and pulling clients through theestablishment of a strong image of corporate duty ( Morrow andRondinelli, 2002: 163 ) . All of these benefits, of class, increase the likeliness that companies will assist lend to sustainabledevelopment. However, the cost and benefits of an EMS ( and in bend, theprobability that the EMS will play a function in sustainable development ) fluctuateconsiderably depending on a scope of standards. These might include: the type oforganization, its bingeco-efficiency, the organisation ‘s possible environmental impacts or hazards, the extent towhich a company antecedently implemented facets of environmental sustainability, and the premium placed on sustainability by the organisation ‘s stakeholders andcustomers ( The Lexington Group, 2005 ) . Whilst this subdivision has outlined EMSs and their possible beneifts, the undermentioned subdivision will discourse Environmental Reporting, its association and influence on EMS, and its part to the sustainable development of organisations. Environmental Coverage Corporate coverage is an essentialcomponent of concern direction. It is defined as the voluntary publicpresentation of information about an organisation ‘s non-financial public presentation -environmental, societal and economic – over a specified period, normally afinancial twelvemonth ( Department of Environment and Heritage, 2005: 1 ) . These can bemade public in a assortment of ways, including as a stand-alone papers, on a companywebsite, or as a constituent of an Annual Report ( Department of Environment andHeritage, 2005 ) . An Environmental Report is a cardinal constituent of the ISO 14000 Series, and an indispensable measure to increasing transparence and, as a consequence, answerability in a company ‘s environmental patterns ( Department of Environment and Heritage, 2005 ) . The pattern of Environmental Reporting is going more common because of force per unit area from stakeholders, every bit good as a general public demand for increased openness on environmental issues ( Kolk, 1999 ) . Further, some states have now begun to enforce legal duties on houses to bring forth Environmental Reports ( Kolk, 1999 ) . A Corporate Environmental Report ( CER ) is, in kernel, a agencies to leaving a company ‘s environmental performance.Arguably, the most of import map of the CER is to let the organizationto evaluate its observation of the environmental policies, ends and objectivesset out in its EMS ( United Nations Environment Programme, 2005 ) . It is alsoused to: exhibit a company ‘s EMS and corporate duty ; show tokey stakeholders, every bit good as to clients, that it is following with theirdemands ; assist a company path its ain advancement and place internal strengthand failings ( United Nations Environment Programme, 2005 ) ; and measure itscurrent public presentation and put farther hereafter ends. The general social demand for increased transparence on environmental issues, and in bend environmental coverage, is exemplified by the fact that the most complete studies are published by industries with hapless or controversial public images, i.e. , the chemical or lumber industries ( Davis-Walling and Batterman, 1997 ) . In so long as there is objectivityand honestness, environmental coverage can be conducted either internally orexternally ( Rice, 2005 ) . Undeniably, for environmental coverage to beworthwhile, it must be believable, and there is increasing force per unit area from twospecific waies to verify environmental studies: foremost, there is asignificant move from environmental statements and purposes to quantified, comparable, verifiable, and even verified information ( Kolk, 1999: 225 ) ; andsecond, the demand of independent, third-party confirmation andcertification as an about expected component of every worthwhile attempt ( Rice, 2005: 1 ) . Though Environmental Reporting hasa large function to play in helping the long-run sustainability of an organisation, it is however a procedure plagued with jobs. Research seems to indicatethat environmental coverage is typically lacking and non of a standard tosatisfy the information demands of assorted categories of study readers ( Deegan andRankin, 1999 ) . An independent survey of the environmental studies of the Fortune50 houses found that none provided information that was sufficient forcomprehensive or comparative analyses of environmental public presentation ( Davis-Walling and Batterman, 1997: 1432 ) . Research suggests that one of thebiggest jobs is that a company can get down its environmental reportingwhenever it wants, and that this frequently leads to dissatisfactory consequences. Environmental Reporting, so, typically comes before the EMS, and could therefore merely act as a statement ofobjectives, and non the researched and analysed study on the achievement ofenvironmental aims under an EMS that it ‘s meant to be. To be practicaland effective ( and non merely a statement of environmental policies ) environmental coverage should truly be developed farther along theimplementation of the ISO 14000 Series. Additionally, it should be a continuousprocess, and referred back to once more and once more in an effort to consolidate theEMS and efficaciously analyze the companies ‘ advancement. This chronology supports the ISOspecification that organisations seekuninterruptedbetterment: bycontinually describing, as opposed to supplying a one-off initial study, organisations can repeatedly measure and accommodate their EMS. In kernel, it isimportant to underscore that the CER is a agency to environmental betterment andgreater answerability, non an terminal in itself ( United Nations EnvironmentProgramme, 2005: 1 ) . Consideration of the variables and application of Sustainable Development The term ‘Sustainable Development'was foremost used in 1987 inOur Common Future, besides known as theBrundtland Report of the United Nations ‘ Commission on Environment andDevelopment ( WCED ) . The definition offered by the Brundtland Report is stillthe most normally used today, and describes Sustainable Development merely, andarguably mistily, as development that meets the demands of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their demands ( WCED, 1987:43 ) . Sustainability is frequently regarded as the ‘buzz-word ‘ of development policy in the 21stCentury. Indeed, as The Economist competently stated: No 1 in their right head is against ‘sustainable development ‘ . Everyone thinks it would be terrific if there were less poorness, less pollution, less disease, less war, less corruptness ( 2002 ) . As an umbrella-term, its WCED definition has been instrumental in making a consensus, but less helpful in making and sketching a model for its accomplishment. Presently, there are in the part of 70 different definitions for Sustainable Development, and each allows organisations to construe the term in whatever manner they see fit. For that ground, EMS and Environmental Reporting are particularly of import for giving public and private administrations likewise, from a national to a local degree, the standardized model necessary non merely for showing their committedness to the pattern of sustainability, but for doing progress towards its existent accomplishment. As mentioned in the Introduction, economic growing and the environment are frequently regarded as being at odds, andthe ISO 14000 Standards are peculiarly of import for assisting organizationsand industry to make their coveted degree of sustainability, and to incorporatethe environment into their general model. Determining an EMS is anorganization ‘s first, and most critical measure in set uping what itsenvironmental facets are, and how it is traveling to cover with them. That said, any organisation can develop an EMS, and though it is an of import startingpoint, it proves small about an organisation ‘s sustainability in and ofitself. Environmental Reporting is hence indispensable non merely to move as the company ‘s ain environmental audit, but to show to stakeholders and society that they are so carry oning themselves in a sustainable mode. Furthermore, accomplishing sustainability is a complicated and long-run ( if non lasting ) procedure ; Environmental Reporting allows a company non merely to measure its achievements, but besides the chance to re-evaluate its mark. The undermentioned subdivision outlines some instance surveies of how organisations have used EMS and Environmental Reporting to minimise their environmental impact. Case Studies This subdivision will show a fewcase surveies to exemplify the value of EMSs and Environmental Reporting. Eachcase survey has been selected to demo scope in the pertinence of thestandards every bit good as to show their usage in both the populace and privatesectors. Solid Waste Management Division, Department of Public Works. Berkeley, California, USA. Description The Solid Waste Management Divisionis Berkeley ‘s municipal waste aggregation and disposal installation. It collectsplant dust, garbage and recycling from about 40,000 residential andcommercial belongingss, every bit good as runing a transportation station, anoil-recycling terminal, and a slump and buy-back recycling Centre. The SolidWaste Management System decided to implement an EMS ( affecting approximately 25 per centum of their 102 employees ) for a assortment of grounds, including: improving thefacility ‘s environmental public presentation, every bit good as employees participation inthis betterment ; doing the peculiar division consistent with the City'soverall environmental rules ; the EMS ‘ value as a marketing/publicrelations tool ; the decrease of costs ; and eventually, an increased competitiveadvantage. Decisions Through implementing an EMS, theSolid Waste Management Division was able to jointly find whatenvironmental impacts the installation had, or might hold in the hereafter. These werethen ranked and ends set to decrease the environmental impact of the facility.These included: extinguishing 98 per cent of dust atoms, cut downing theelectricity used by 250Kwh yearly, bettering the control of hazardousmaterials brought into the site by 75 per cent, adding three mailings per yearto enhance consumer engagement in recycling aggregation, cut downing waterconsumption by 25 per cent, and cut downing figure of pickups scheduled to reducefuel ingestion and emanations. Some of the direct benefits andcontributions to Sustainable Development have been: a decrease in airpollution for the full City of Berkeley ; deriving regard and bettercooperation from the Department of Public Works, including budget alterations ; andconsultation by other City of Berkeley Departments and other Solid Wastepractices all over the United States. Additionally, carry oning an EnvironmentalReport to find the effects of the EMS allowed the installation non merely to hum betterments that it had already made, but to analyze them and put newtargets such as: revising the occupation descriptions, rerouting to cut down the numberof stat mis covered each twenty-four hours, and implementing a new dust suppression system. Beacon Council, Nottinghamshire County Council, United Kingdom. Description One facet of the Beacon Council'sEnvironmental Reporting System is a to the full computerised monitoring andtargeting ( M & A ; T ) system for measuring public presentation at all 600 of theirbuildings. Datas from all public-service corporation suppliers ( including electricity, gas, coal, oil, biomass, and H2O ) are recorded in the specializer system. These are thenmonitored and benchmarked against national public presentation, and make the abilityto instigate disciplinary action to better public presentation. Decisions As reported by the Beacon Council, the M & A ; T system carries out the undermentioned maps: sets energy marks andmonitors public presentation ; sets energy budgets and controls expenditure ; validatesand verifies measures and recovers overcharges ; and proctors and reduces CO2emissions. The continual coverage of the M & A ; T system has been critical in itsconstant monitoring and improving of the Beacon Council ‘s environmentalsustainability. Gillepsie Decals, Inc. Wilsonville, Oregon, USA. Description Gillepsie Decals, Inc. is a40-employee screen-printing company in Oregon. To develop an EMS, the companytook the undermentioned stairss: foremost, it developed its environmental policy ; 2nd, it identified the company ‘s environmental facets and so ranked them in orderof importance ; and 3rd, it set out environmental ends and developed programsto achieve them. Decisions The company made a figure ofimprovements and took important stairss towards accomplishing environmentalsustainability. Two notable illustrations are: one, they reduced the sum ofwaste ink by developing criterions for ink commixture, and a computing machine record ofcolours and mixes for repetition occupations ; and two, they reduced their H2O use by requestinginformation from other companies on their H2O recycling systems, bypurchasing bottled imbibing H2O for employees ( and thereby bettering employeespirits ) ; and by put ining low-flush lavatory theoretical accounts. Gillespie ‘s have stated their committedness to uninterrupted environmental betterment, and have decided to develop other environmental facets in the hereafter. It is ill-defined whether Gillespie ‘s carried out Environmental Reporting, but it is evident that this procedure would be utile for both corroborating the environmental betterments already made, and finding what remains to be done to accomplish the coveted degree of sustainability. Decision EMS and Environmental Reportingwill so assistance in the construct of Sustainable Development in application. TheCase Studies in the old subdivision demonstrated some of the positive resultsof an organisation ‘s execution of an EMS. All three illustrations illustratedhow an EMS, and Environmental Reporting, contribute to the improvedenvironmental public presentation of the establishments in inquiry. The Gillespie CaseStudy was a really small-scale illustration of EMS that demonstrated how the systemcould work even for a little company. Furthermore, the first two instance surveies surely are a presentation of how the EMS and Environmental Reporting can lend to more than merely their establishments environmental public presentation. In the Berkeley illustration, it showed non merely how an EMS can lend to Sustainable Development for the individual establishment, but besides how this affects the metropolis as a whole, and can act upon similar establishments nation- ( or even world- ) broad. The Beacon Council Case Study is a utile illustration of how EMS can do non merely environmental sense, but fiscal sense as good. The first two illustrations besides servedto exemplify what a critical constituent Environmental Reporting truly is. Theyvalidated Rice ‘s line of concluding that for an EMS to be effectual, theEnvironmental Reporting non merely has to happen, but occur continuously.Environmental Reporting demands to be pushed farther down the time-line of theISO 14000 Series, and be something that occurs after the EMS has beenimplemented ( so it acts non merely as a statement of aims but as an actualreport ) , and on a continual footing because sustainability it non a one-off andsimple accomplishment. The Gillespie illustration is hence a utile illustration of how EMS can be effectual, but without consistent re-evaluation and uninterrupted coverage, the first set of alterations are improbable to be followed by another set. If this is the instance, an organisation ‘s environmental public presentation will at best remain dead, but more likely diminution, alternatively of continuously bettering. This will surely non help the construct of Sustainable Development in application. EMS and Environmental Reporting arenot, nevertheless, the Panacea for Sustainable Development. Reviews of thestandards that are proffered merely because they do non vouch SustainableDevelopment are contrary, and hazard throwing out the babe with the bathwater, or rejecting the indispensable with the unessential. EMS and EnvironmentalReporting are instead two individual parts of a possible solution with an infinitenumber of constituents. They should be seen, and valued, as such. Plants Cited Berkeley, City of ( 2005 )Solid Waste Management Division, Department of Public WorksCase Study, available from Eco-efficiency is the primary manner in which concerns can lend to theconcept of sustainable developmentThe vision of eco-efficiency is merely toproduce more from less. Reducing waste and pollution, and utilizing fewer energyand natural stuffs is evidently good for the environment. It is alsoself-evidently good for concern because it cuts companies ‘ costs, excerptsfrom the Bulleting of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development ( The Lexington Group, 2005: 6 ) .

Project Management For Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project Management For Healthcare - Essay Example IT risks may involve computer viruses, hacking, phishing or completed system crashes. In healthcare these have very high risk levels as they may result in loss of important electronic records for the organization and patients thus wreaking havoc to the whole system. IT risks may also involve the project information being accessed by others who may want to use it. The financial element of project management can also be a potential risk to healthcare projects; if for some reason the organization does not have enough finances for the project then it may be brought to a complete halt. Liability issues are also common in healthcare involving management of patients and their information and thus project managers must put into consideration. Risks coming directly from the project may include doing something for the first time, changes in crucial requirements, poor estimation of resources and lack of clarity in definition of responsibilities. There may also be external risks in the forms of natural catastrophes, and regulations e.g. on manufacturers of medical instruments and pharmaceutical companies. People risks include lack of proper controls, poor relations, lack of leadership, organizational designs being poor, lack of conflict management programs in place and people lacking proper skills to communicate. In conclusion therefore project management for healthcare is not an easy task; so many events some unexpected may pose risks which may make it very hard to successfully run a project. Risks range from IT, issues, financial resources, the environment, people issues and natural events. It is therefore to anticipate challenges upfront when running with projects and plan some mitigation plans in order to ensure the project is a

Bankruptcy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bankruptcy - Essay Example If Quick ratio, Current ratio and Times Interest Earned ratio are negative then this is an indication that the company faces liquidity problems and the creditors are not satisfied with the company's financial performance and also the creditors will not issue more debt in future (Tenk). If the company's cash outflows are higher than the cash inflows then this is an alarming situation for the company. It gives also the indication that there is any mismanagement exists in the company's operating, investing and financing activities (Tenk). 1. Implication on Current Asset: Current assets are reviewed critically after the announcement of bankruptcy. All the necessary payments to the creditors are made through sales of those assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 2. Implication on Future Assets: After bankruptcy, the company loses its money with respect to the payments made to the creditors and the money left is insufficient in order to acquire back the assets, to start running the business again in future. Moreover, time value of money and the factor of inflation also make a significant impression on the future assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 3. ... All the necessary payments to the creditors are made through sales of those assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 2. Implication on Future Assets: After bankruptcy, the company loses its money with respect to the payments made to the creditors and the money left is insufficient in order to acquire back the assets, to start running the business again in future. Moreover, time value of money and the factor of inflation also make a significant impression on the future assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 3. Implication on Future Credit: The element of bankruptcy also brings about a curse for the company as it then faces difficulty in acquiring additional debt for its future business operations. Because of bankruptcy the company's goodwill and credit ratings are also negatively impacted (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). PROS AND CONS OF BANKRUPTCY The advantages of bankruptcy are stated below: After filing the bankruptcy, the creditors are legally bound to stop all activities of debt collection. Filing for Bankruptcy give sthe company a fresh financial start In most of the bankruptcy cases certain categories of propertys like home, life insurance and car, are exempted in order to repayment of debt to creditor. The disadvantages of bankruptcy are stated below: Declaration of bankruptcy distorts the image and goodwill of the company. In near future the company faces difficulty financing their expenses by acquiring more debt. Due to the bankruptcy, the company's stock prices fall and there is an implication on ceasing the future business operations. Due to the effect to bankruptcy, the company loses control over its property (Bankruptcy Pros and Cons). In order to sue

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Operations Management - Essay Example Higher rates of employee contentment are directly proportional to lower turnover rates. Therefore, keeping employees in the firm satisfied with their careers should be at the top of the priority list of every employer. While employee empowerment and its upsides are well-known facts in management conducts, economic drop downs seem to cause employers to ignore it. Operations managers of most of the organization observe and scrutinize performance data frequently and create challenging yet reasonable targets for the organizational campaigns. Evaluation softwares are used by some of the most efficient managers to check employee performances. In a survey by â€Å"Glassdoor† Google Inc. has been declared as the company with the highest employee satisfaction and productivity for the year 2013. The secret of such an achievement lies in the fact that the company empowers its employees to venture into fields of their talents (Reed, 2013). Google shares rose sharply, from less than $500 a year ago, the stock traded in nearly $600 since mid-July, near to its record high of $707 a share as in 2007 (Schepp, 2013).. It is evident from this fact that Google Inc.’s success in the share market is a productivity marker that may be correlated to the high levels of employee empowerment practices that the company follows Every company requires a system to scrutinize their employees’ performance based upon parameters like employee attendance, projects undertaken, and reviews by immediate superiors etc. Several software tools are available in the market that can help individuals working on performance reviews to visualize and comprehend the data correctly and hassle free. Database tools achieve goals that many Chief Information Officers (CIOs) would like to match: Taking key data for business side or external customers and offering it in an attractive, appropriate way on the internet (McLaughin, 2013). Software vendors like InetSoft

Assignment . MKT 586 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

. MKT 586 - Assignment Example The increase in percentage of elderly means an increase in healthcare and pension costs against a backdrop of a dwindling work force resulting in tax burdens on future workers. It is also expected that a larger percent of the over 65 will remain in the labor force as well as forcing the government to change existing laws to allow mass migration to balance the worker-retiree ration. On the other hand, developing nations with an increasing number of young people will have an increase in the costs of healthcare and education. The rural-urban migration, especially if unplanned will put pressure on the already limited public amenities and social services. Unemployment rate will increase as the work force will be higher than job creation, leading to high levels of crime. Inevitably, these countries will experience similar problems; slower economic growth, financial problems for senior retirement programs, deterioration of public and social services and ultimately social unrest. These will have a negative effect on world business and world economic

Peace and conflict studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peace and conflict studies - Essay Example Conflict resolution can be defined as a situation in which the conflicting parties go into an agreement that provides solution to their core incompatibilities, acknowledge the other individual’s continued subsistence as parties and stop all violent actions directed towards the other individual. Conflict resolution usually comes after a conflict (Wallensteen 8). Conflict Resolution Paradigm: Peace through the Power of Communication The paradigm provides a more practical approach to peace through the creation and refinement of the skills necessary for the analysis of conflict and responds to the conflict with effective communication and negotiation strategies (Funk 1). According to this paradigm, conflict is found at all the levels of organization and human interaction and it ranges from interpersonal to international. Although conflict causes great human suffering and separation, it does not lead to violence; the conflict is necessary for the main changes in the social systems and relationships (Funk 1). Peace is a continuous process that skillfully deals with the prevention or the transformation of conflict. Effective management and resolution of conflict requires the awareness of an individual’s attitudes towards conflict and regular conflict management styles such as collaborative, competitive, submissive and avoidant and other styles. This is done in order to achieve freedom that defines an individual’s response in a coordinated and proactive manner. The awareness enhances the chances of a win-win rather than lose-lose or win-lose solution. The paradigm helps the individual (a) to understand and operate his or her emotions, (b) to create openness to a more reliable communication, and (c) to manage the processes that can lead to escalation of a conflict (Funk 1). Conflict resolution paradigm proponents approach peace through straight interactions with the others. If peace is required, the suggestion provided is the development of skills f or coexistence and communication (Funk 1). Nonviolence Paradigm: Peace through Willpower The paradigm proposes that the government power is derived primarily from the people’s consent and secondarily from intimidation. By consenting to the affairs of the state and working within the norms’ framework, the individuals authorize that order. If the norms are dehumanizing, the individuals dehumanize and disempower themselves (Funk 1). The peace that coexists between human communities cannot be attained through violence nor can the democracy be achieved through armed rebellion within the society. Therefore, peace cannot be disentangled from justice and justice encompasses the lack of oppression; this is regardless of whether it was perpetrated directly through the use of weapons or indirectly thorough the inequitable institutions and structures (Funk 1). In a nutshell, peace only coexists in the absence of violence. According to this paradigm, the legitimate power is derived from the human solidarity and willpower rather from the violence; the violence undermines the community and bears seeds of destruction. The nonviolence paradigm provides a move towards peacemaking. Peacemaking has been utilized to counter any forms of political repression and social discrimination and resist foreign occupation and imperialism (Funk 1). My Opinion

Introduction to linguistics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to linguistics - Research Paper Example They may express identity as well as the refinement, power and solidarity of those in communication. These are concepts that most sociolinguists are in agreement with based on studies that have been conducted on diverse populations. Address terms have been found common in greeting and addressing of persons within a social structure. There is agreement that the address terms have a significant role. This write-up seeks to explore how address terms vary with the socio strata and its significance in routine communication. Kinship, age and sex have been isolated as key variables that set hierarchal relations between interacting parties (Salifu, 2010: Yen Tran, 2010). Kinship attributes privileges and rights to one set of men in comparison to others. Older persons are perceived to have higher status than younger persons. These hierarchal tendencies can be traced to social cultural institutions and practices that include linguistic forms and behaviour. There is, therefore, need to learn ac ceptable modes of address and to refer to diversity of relationships as part of socialization (Salifu, 2010). According to Salifu (2010), seniority commands prestige, respect and positive self-image, whereas state commands respect and deference. An older person or one of higher status is speech with reference to his qualification. Chakara (1982) suggested that tone and style of any conversation is marked by the summons, greetings and forms of address which act as social selectors and controllers of interactions. The choices of social deixis chosen by a speaker depict relationship.

Recruitment, Selection and Deployment of Human Resources Case Study

Recruitment, Selection and Deployment of Human Resources - Case Study Example The company lacked proper human resource planning when it came to recruitment and selection criteria which led to the problems above. The lack of proper motivation, unclear job specification, and minimal advertisement has been major deficiencies in Sodexo’s human resources. Effective HR planning and management should have been exercised to take care of the shortage of employees beforehand which is one of the organizational models lacking in Sodexo. Organizational and HR strategies should have been in line in order to meet the HR demand and supply of employees. The only way to solve these problems in Sodexo is for the HR to come up with new planning strategies and adopt an organizational model that will address their problems. This will ensure that their recruitment and selection process is motivating, enforces comparable evaluation methods and considers cultural diversity. Individual motivation according to Herzberg’s theory is the main source of motivation for the recruits and will ensure the lasting solution to the problem of staffing facing Sodexo currently (Weihrich and Cannice, 2010).

Online shopping environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online shopping environment - Essay Example Online shopping has of late been the most accepted way of doing shopping where people purchase goods and services. The online shopping gives the consumer much information on price and products where the customer can make a choice and compare them (Lin and Chuan, 2013). Some factors restrict people from buying online which may include lack of trust. However, there are more reasons to trade online than offline. The process constitutes five steps similar to those found in the traditional shopping behavior. Typically, online shopping process recognizes the need for merchandise or service, and they get to the internet and seek the related information. Sometimes, instead of searching actively, the consumers are moved by the information regarding the services and products associated with the need they have (Zhou and Tian, 2010). The consumers choose among the alternatives the one that fits best the criteria they need. Finally, the transaction is done, and services after the sales are provided. The internet sites have attractive sitemaps that are well formatted to attract the consumers. The items that are advertised branded clearly. The images of the icons of the items that are found on the internet can be enlarged or zoomed out to allow clear viewing of the item. The development of 2D and 3D technology has greatly improved the online shopping as the goods are well demonstrated giving the consum er a clear interactive viewing. The internet sites offer adequate product information details about the products that are is advertised (Richardson, 2011). The virtual shopping environment has become the widely used platform in doing buying in the current world due to its effectiveness and reliability. Online shopping relies mostly on the goods and service presentation on the website. The images are used to represent the actual item on the internet. The more attractive the images,

Equal opportunity is key to making the world a better palce Essay Example for Free

Equal opportunity is key to making the world a better palce Essay Idealism develops over the course of a lifetime and with it, we develop new opportunities for service and a chance to reward our souls. In his book, â€Å"The Call of Service†, Robert Coles talks about the way idealism develops and how we react to it. At this stage in my life, I believe I am still in what Coles calls young idealism. Thought I have seen many things and do not believe that I am naive, I feel that I am just beginning to understand myself and what motivates me. My idealism has not been proven wrong by some life-altering event and I have nto ahd to fight any major battles to support it. I believe that all children should have the right to study and make a success in life. Specifically, I believe in equal opportunity. I believe that all people and all success should be measured on how hard you work for something, not being born with money or the right address or the right skin color. In my ideal world, people would be judged not by how much they accomplish, but how hard they try to achieve it. My basic belief system is that if there were equality in the beginning, there could be equality in the end. Right now, some children have no chance at a good education because they cannot afford it or go to schools where education is not valued. Some schools, for example, offer pre-kindergarten, all-day kindergarten and after school programs to help students get a chance to learn more and other schools are so poor that they cannot offer those programs. The children suffer because they do not have an equal opportunity. I believe because of this there is much suffering in the world. People who are not given an equal opportunity are not able to succeed as often and cannot afford the things that they want or need. Because they did not get a good education, they are sentenced to the same low-paying jobs that their parents had and are forced to see other people living the good life. Not having good opportunities leads to people being poor. When they are poor, it is easy to be mad because the rich have everything and you work hard and have nothing. When people get very mad, they try to steal from the people who do have nice things. That is why a lack of equal opportunity leads to crimes. And, since this happens to the same people whose parents it also happened to, they begin to believe that it is motivated by other factors: race or nationality or beliefs and cannot see that poverty causes more poverty. In my ideal world, all students would have exactly the same chances in school. This will never work because the rich, who can offer their children anything, would not want to pay enough to make sure that the poor children have the same chance. And , they are not willing to let their child only have as much as the poor kid gets. This is because they know that education is key to success and that if everyone had the same opportunity, they would no longer have an advantage. I think if everyone were able to see the importance of equal opportunity that they would all want to support it. If they understood that equal opportunity for all means that this will be a better country, they would also support paying the extra for better schools for everyone. My emigration to this country has helped me to see that equal opportunity should be the American way. My idealism comes from a secular source, as opposed to a religious source. I believe that if America is the land of the free and the home of the brave, then we should be making sure that everyone has an equal opportunity to learn. For example, in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote that â€Å"We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal† (Jefferson, â€Å"Declaration of Independence†). Immigrants to the United states sometimes believe more fervently than those born here in the idealism of the society. We believe in truth, justice and the American way and that there is an American dream. I believe it and I am willing to act on it. I spend my extra time volunteering at the Agency Center for Children and Families aster school program. These are disadvantaged children who need the chance to be equal life everyone else. I am also motivated by social idealism. I believe that it is only right for every member of society to have the same advantages and disadvantages. People are all the same at the most basic levela dn all of them should have the same opportunities to make their lives better. It seems that if they all had the same opportunity, then the world would be a better place. My thinking is that if everyone had the same opportunity we could eliminate poverty and crime and make everyone happier. Cole quoting from his friend Anna Freud said that the essence of service is to put yourself in someone else’s shoes, see the need and then work toward meeting it. Therefore I think that the other think I learned from Cole’s book was how important it is for me to help out at the after school program. I have been where they are, unable to learn because of an uneven playing field, and I want to help them eliminate this. That is my service to my community. The author argues that sometimes we do this out of charity and sometimes out of Biblical mandate. I do it for neither reason and for both. I do not pity the people I help at the center as one might expect when discussing this as an act of charity. I can empathize, understanding that they are now someplace that I have been, trying hard to succeed when the odds are not very good. It is instead a sense of duty that leads me to these actions. If someone had not helped me, then I would not be able to help these people. Furthermore, I do not believe that it is a Biblical mandate, but I do think that most people agree that the Good Samritan had it right and when you can help another person, you should. Another form of the sense of duty is an obligation to Christ’s teachings that we should â€Å"do unto others as we would have them do unto us†.. While I can understand why Cole, from a Catholic perspective would call this a Biblical mandate, I am also willing to acknowledge it as a basic human instinct, a sort of â€Å"you attract more flies with honey than vinegar† sort of argument. If we want good things to happen and we want changes to happen in life, then we should use good things to make them happen. Be good to other people so that they will in turn be good to other people. The more people help one another, the more they will have sympathy for the plight of other people and be willing to take the steps that are necessary to make radical changes and perhaps get us all to a level of equal opportunity. In the meantime, using Cole’s theories of personal gestures and encounters, I am working to make the world a better and more fair place for the people that I encounter at the Center. His theory is that we can impact lives one at a time or several at a time when we make an effort. Though I want to effect lots of people, one of the best ways I can begin to do that is by effecting one person. If my work at the after school program can help just one child to learn more and have more opportunity, to be closer to equal despite the flaws in the system, then I have done what I needed to do. I have made drastic improvements in my world. This fits again with Anna Freud’s theory that Cole is very f ond of, â€Å"someone reached, something done. † This is the perfect description of what I hope to accomplish at the after school programs. I want to connect with one single person, more if possible, but one is enough and help them to find equal opportunity whether that is by opening doors to education or just helping them to see within themselves what they can achieve if they work hard. Too often part of the reason people fail is that they don’t believe they can succeed or don’t know how to succeed. If we can make a slight individual difference in one or two lives, by showing these students that we care, them we have reached out goal and the idealism is refreshed and rejuvenated and ready to work toward the next success. The program that I have been volunteering with in called the Center for Children Families. They are dedicated to all manner of helping families, including helping to arbitrate divorce cases so that children are not a battleground during divorce, have been in abuse situations, have undergone trauma of some sort and those who just need a safe place to be after school because they would otherwise be latch-key kids. The programs are designed to give children the love and attention that all children deserve. They also provide respite care for parents who might be on the verge of hurting their children and they also help teenage parents with parenting classes. The group tries to be non-judgmental and to provide assistance in a positive manner that does not make people feel badly about needing help. In my opinion. they have a really good impact on the community and they are doing an excellent job. They give good feedback and try to help community members understand how they can improve their lives with a little hard work. Now that I have worked with the center, I believe that one way that they could better achieve their goals is to make sure that people are aware of the programs that they offer. Many people think that if you have to ask for help you are a bad person. It is important to make people understand that being poor or having no opportunities does not make you a bad person. I think it would also be helpful if the center could make it more clear to people that they are trying to ruin people’s lives or take their kids away. Lots of people seem to think that if you admit to needing a parenting class that you are somehow getting yourself into trouble or that it means you are a bad parent. Maybe if we could get people to have parenting classes before they even have kids, it would help to cut down on the incidents of child abuse and neglect. Maybe some parents really don’t know that they shouldn’t give their kids pizza and soft drinks for every meal and that children need play time and need to be read to. I think the center tries really hard to make people understand that they are on their side, and that they want to help them out. I think the more that they can do to show this to people, the better their services will be used. It seems like people are afraid that requesting help makes them look weak. The reality is that knowing when you need help is a sign of wisdom and people need to understand that. They also need to know what they can do to make the world a better place for their children: Like reading to them and making sure they do their homework. That’s one of the things that we help with during the after school programs, making sure that children get their homework done for the next day. All in all, my experience working at the center ahs been a good one. They have some very good ideas that it would be cool if other organizations supported as well, like they have a diaper closet to allow people who need them to get some help with diapers when money is tight. I especially like this because though there are lots of programs to make sure that a baby gets fed, this is one of the few I’ve seen that is designed to help them stay clean.

Art Deco Concepts and Ideas | History of Art

Art Deco Concepts and Ideas | History of Art Throughout history, man has observed and experienced numerous movements and births in the world of art and architecture that influenced life and dwelling. Some movements were mere fads that lasted several seconds in the larger scale of time, others were strong influencers that lasted beyond their years, either physically or in the minds and hearts of many. Art Deco, a movement that started in the early 1920s in the arts that translated immediately into architecture is undeniably one of the strongest iconic movements that effected the lives of many and has its dominant mark on the physical world. The movement still remains alive in various forms of pop culture reappearances and in actual physical standing buildings and structures and not as a movement in action, but simply in examples to remind people of a certain times allure. What sets Art Deco apart from other movements is its collectivity of several other movements and attempts in the world of art and architecture. The purpose of this paper is to identify and elaborate on the myriad of art and architectural styles that contributed into making Art Deco what it was/is. Also, since Art Deco was a dominant force made up of many successful styles, what made it last a relatively short period as a movement, yet some of its characteristics are used and found in subsequent styles still. The Beginning of Art Deco (a history): The birth of Art Deco was interesting in the sense that the movement started before the birth of the name Art Deco in 1968 where it was first used by Bevis Hillier as the title for his book on the decorative arts of the 1920s and the 1930s that are the actual years the movement belonged to. The Term originated from the distinguished exhibition of decorative and industrial arts held in Paris, France in 1925 called Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes. In terms of the concept and feel of the exhibition, The Paris exhibition is like a city in a dream, and the sort of dream that would give the psychoanalysts a run for their money (Vogue, London August 1925). The exhibition was a gathering pot where many artists and architects unveiled their works of art that later strengthened and inspired the concoction of the decorative motif style. The use of Art Deco as a label at that time was non-existent and the contemporary art was called Art Modernes in France a nd Modernistic art in the United States. Although numerous people think of the United States and American artists when it comes to Art Deco and the birth of Art Deco, the movement was actually birthed by European styles. The two chief countries that sparked the Art Deco motion were Germany and France. The movement was not a instant spark, it evolved quietly throughout the early 1920s and saw its climax at the Parisian exhibition, then it gradually saw its way across many countries especially the United States in a concentrated way which is why many people think of the Art Deco style as an American style. Defining Art Deco/Influences: Art Deco as a movement is almost impossible to define in a brief sentence or idea. The movement incorporated many elements, genres of design, and artistic/architectural movements that it becomes necessary to view and appreciate it as a large sum of minor components rather than a single entity. Some of the components that birthed Art Deco may even seem to clash or repel each other, yet, in reality they work harmoniously. For example, Germany and France in the immediate years post World War1 had different styles in art and architecture. The German approach was more towards Modernism, meaning having crisp and angular functionalism in design and an emphasis on clean geometry. Paris however had a style that was delightfully playful, a decorative style that is closest to the Art Nouveau Vernacular which was to be eradicated by its disciples. These two extremes are the two major movements that make up Art Deco as we know it, however, they are not the only movements or influences. At that ti me, the more lively style that is described as leisurely, comforting, and a representation of wealth arrived to the United States before the rigid German style thus helping the growth and spread of Art Decos decorative ways in the country. Along side the German modern style of design and the Art Nouveau movement, Art Deco barrowed influences and inspiration from many styles. Not only did Art Deco include many art or architectural styles, it was also influenced by historical aspects and futuristic ideologies. Deco was described as to contain elements from the ancient past to the distant future (Duncan, Alastair, 7). A past historical influence that is very evident in the style of Art Deco is the Ancient Pharaoh civilization and the Egyptian culture mania that overtook Paris after Tutankhamuns tomb discovery by Howard Carter in 1922. Combined with the mesmerizing Egyptian elements that were easily adopted as decorative motifs in Art Deco, more exotic inspirers played a role in influencing the style, such as Mayan temples, tribal African sculptures, the Ballets Russes, and Japanese lacquer-work. The decorative motifs of the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Sumer cultures also influenced and stimulated some Art Deco architects as did the Medieval and Byzantine architecture. Further more, classical structures and sculptures of the Roman and Greek cultures also played a part in the forming of Art Deco, however, the Art Deco architects were against the Beaux-Arts Neoclassicism, thus they adorned their classically based buildings and structures with modernized elements and figures of classical mythology in a playful strictly aesthetically decorative manner. Since Art Deco is not an instant reaction to another styles action, it truly had lesser rules in style than most other movements, and it probably had the most relaxed and forgiving rules when it came to re-interpreting another styles elements, or completely borrowing an element. For example, if an architect was commissioned by a client who is fascinated by maritime activity, and wanted to have elements of that show in the building, an Art Deco architect would design an art piece of a boat or an anchor in the exact same forms and colors from a decorative material and adorn the building with it. What makes this action possible and feasible is Art Decos strong dependency on Industrial design. The strong streamlined forms of industrial design and techniques of art creating through industrial commercial ways truly helped the Art Deco movement and added another very powerful component to the previously mentioned elements that make up the fabric of the movement. As previously mentioned, it seems that the components of Art Deco are countless, all equally stimulating and important in their own right. The French Rationalism style of building and the Art Nouveau movement in the early 1900s before the 1920s for example were important precursors of Art Deco. Auguste Perrets Rue Franklin apartment building, c.1902, which was extensively glazed and revolutionized the building techniques with the use of reinforced concrete works as a foreshadow of Art Deco and what was to come. The heavy ornaments on Perrets building work as a bridge from the more stylized floral style decorations to the ordered and less organic famous floral motifs of Art Deco such as the lotus leaves. Along side Art Nouveau, another powerful movement that influences many Art Deco buildings is Expressionism in both its industrial German style and the brick building Dutch style. The style of the Expressionist architecture in its emotional and beautifying methods is clearly visible in the Art Deco designs. Although the movement was prior to the First World War, it had a strong comeback in the 1920s and famous expressionist buildings such as Peter Behrens monumental glass and steel turbine factory, c.1908, served as a model and inspiration for Art Deco designs. The Exhibition hall by Hans Poelzig in Poznan, Poland, c. 1911, also worked as a muse and model for following Art Deco artists. In terms of the brick building expressionism, three major Dutch influencers of Art Deco were Johan Melchior van der Mey, Michel de Klerk, and Piet Lodewijk whose work included brick, glass, and concrete in a stylized structural and decorative manner that can be linked directly to Art Deco. Italian Futurist architect Antonio SantElia was another major influencer on the Art Deco movement although a few rare projects of his were built and the majority remained sketches on paper. SantElias Monza cemetery, 1912, is an example of his work where decorative designs and heavy use of ornamentation in glass and concrete may be found and linked to Art Deco. In the United States, the Chicago School of Architectures massive vertical steel skeleton buildings made in the Moderne style from 1875-1910 count as influencers of Art Deco. From that group, Louis Sullivan and his student Frank Lloyd Wright specifically are the two architects whose works most hold links and bridges to Art Deco. Frank Lloyd Wrights work included many heavily ornamented buildings both in the exterior and interior with sharp geometry and studied repeated patterns and motifs in brick and concrete that are very much Art Deco-esque such as the Midway Gardens in Chicago built in 1914. (first half) *In Addition to the prior information, the following outline titles will be discussed in the second half, which is the more theoretical part structural wise. Elements of the Art Deco style: The characteristics that make a design original Art Deco, and specific elements that art deco must attain. Examples of famous art deco buildings: The buildings, and the theories and messages behind them. Writers opinion and analysis: My own personal opinion on the movement the and theories behind the movement, also, why I believe the movement failed to live longer even thought it seemed ultimately powerful ( the answer to my proposed question).

The Effect Of Tourism On Peoples Lifestyle Tourism Essay

The Effect Of Tourism On Peoples Lifestyle Tourism Essay According, Gawler believed that tourism is effecting to economic and lifestyle of people in each area of tourism. Tourism has fears that is expanded to tourism and related to badly react or mass tourists. Anyway, tourism can be both positive and negative impacts on countries. Moreover, Mirbabayev and Shagazatova said that nowadays, tourism is the largest factor of economic. Tourism is evolving in economic activities. Various sectors of economy have affected from growing development rates; infrastructure development, foreign currency inflows, and new management. They can be contributed to the social and economic development in big part of the country. Also, Lehmann (2005) explained that there are three distinct parts: direct, indirect, and induced in the total economic impact of travelers First, the direct impact is the value added of those sectors that interact directly with the visitor. Second, the indirect impact is the benefit to suppliers to those direct sectors. Third, the induced impact adds the impact of tourism-generated wages as they are spent in economy. In addition, Rattanasuwongchai (1994) told that Tourism is the fastest growing industries and can generate national income in developing economies. Same as the other, Thailand has a tourism that is a major source of national income. Although tourism had some negative effects, it has covered all level. Otherwise, Sugiyarto, Blake, and Sinclair (2002) defined that tourism took place within a large context of the world economy. Besides, Sherpa (2006) said that tourism is a major economic activity providing livelihoods to poor people. Moreover, Bartsch (1998) said that Tourism conducted tourists visiting the village. They can get extra income and took advantage by offering accommodation to tourists. Likewise, Khadka (1996) explained that International tourism is a fast growing in economic factors. It increased in national income. Meanwhile, Albqami (1997) said that Tourism had received more attention in nowadays. Tourism stimulated to the economic growth. Similarly, Suntikul (2008) told that Tourism has a difficult problem. Tourism is accepting as the economic and societal importance of tourism activity. However, tourism has poorly managed within its economy, social, and environmental contexts. The meaning of the impacts of tourism cannot be properly assessed. Advantage of tourism impact According, Gawler (2001) believed that the advantages of tourism are economic development. Tourism is helping to support communities, particularly in rural areas. There are little dependences on urban centers and imports to sustain tourism activity as we called decentralised. Tourism development often brings a range of benefits to host communities. Improved infrastructure power, water, and telecommunications, services (banks, transport) and new investments, all serve to enhance the lifestyles of communities. Tourism can make a sense of community pride in their location. Tourism can exchange for cultural between communities and visitors. Tourism creates regional identity both nationally and internationally. Conservation area efforts and provides effective management of significant areas can get the fund for conservative and management. Tourism can promote the preservation. Otherwise, Mirbabayev and Shagazatova supported that Tourism can be both a source of international peace and understanding. Here are possible positive effects of tourism: Tourism is developing positive attitudes towards each other culture and learning about each others culture and customs. Also, Tourism is reducing negative perceptions and stereotypes. Tourism is developing friendships and developing pride, appreciation, understanding, respect, and tolerance for each others culture. Finally, Tourism is increasing self-esteem of hosts and tourists. Similarly, Lehmann (2005) said that tourism consists of share of the retail, transportation, restaurant, lodging, and entertainment industries directly contribute to the travel sector. Tourism directly gave nearly $1.64 billion in Palm Beach County on 2004. Meanwhile, Sugiyarto, Blake, and Sinclair (2002) defined that the levels of GDP and employment are increased by tourism growth. Trade, tax and balance of payment can increase by tourism activity. Additional, Albqami (1997) said that tourism industry is increased; the industry will need to purchase more input in the economy to produce the additional output. These purchases will stimulate additional output. Disadvantage of tourism impact According to, Rattanasuwongchai (1994) told that a huge number of tourists exploit natural resources. Tourism has a heavy impact on the environment. In addition, tourism needs more infrastructures, transportation and other facilities which can cause environmental suffering. Tourism caused environmental pollution from human waste, sewerage into water sources, and trash. Without strict regulations in land using, most hotel may invade the preservative areas. It can be cause of declining in participation in rural traditional. Similarly, Bartsch (1998) explained that Tourism in Ban Chaidee is does not replace any other activity, and agriculture which is still regarded by people as most important economic activity. Environmental damage and government policies have decreased the traditional resources of the villagers. The pollution caused by tourists, noise pollution late at night. Moreover, Khadka (1996) explained that Environmental and socio-cultural depletes may make tourism unsustainable. These factors can also be regional in their nature or impact. Otherwise, Sherpa (2006) said that tourists had a negative effect to loss of rural culture. In additional, Suntikul (2008) told that tourists took a critical the cultural in tourism practice, and the host culture. Tourism is introducing negative impacts to Luang Prabang.

Dust Tracks on a Road: An Autobiography by Zora Neale Hurston Essay

Dust Tracks on a Road: An Autobiography by Zora Neale Hurston Between Cape jasmine bushes and chinaberry trees, Zora Neale Hurston’s childhood, was a warm sweet memory illustrated in an extract of Dust Tracks on a Road: An Autobiography. In this excerpt, diction and point of view jump from the page to give the reader a lucid and realistic view of life â€Å"down there† in the farm, sheltered from society to protect the plentiful love, food and company of the Hurston home, compared to â€Å"way up north† where â€Å"rare† apples are abundant and gardenias are sold for a dollar, but where reality is a universal cry for equality and justice. Hurston’s juxtaposition of these two environments compliments her parents’ idealistic differences when it comes to raising their children. Metaphorical language, separation, position and repetition of words; flowers, fruit and struggle imagery create an atmosphere of home-like neighborhood versus the world outside the chinaberry trees. At the beginning of this piece, we are quickly introduced to the different lifestyles between the farm she lived in and the one she encountered when she left to New York. Easily distinguished is the contrast made by the use of the word â€Å"folks† when she mentions her relatives from â€Å"down under† but calls the New Yorkers â€Å"people.† The North is seen as a literature archetype as an unknown lucrative place, a strange place where â€Å"the flowers cost a dollar each.† This is positioned as a welcome mat to a world of differences betwe...

E.B. Whites The Ring Of Time Essay -- White Ring Time Essays Papers

E.B. White's The Ring Of Time In E.B. White?s The Ring of Time, the author gives a narrative account of his trip to a circus rehearsal where he describes a fascinating scene of a young girl practicing a horse act for an upcoming show. As a writer, he feels it is his obligation to record the events he is witnessing, and convey this to his readers without leaving anything out. However difficult this may be, the beautiful and fleeting moment is something he wishes to ultimately capture. When he arrives on the scene, White senses something magical about the surroundings of this circus as it undergoes a rehearsal, but he is primarily fixed on a young woman who passes by him. The young ?cleverly proportioned, deeply browned by the sun, dusty, eager, and almost naked'; girl is the one thi...

Plutonium :: essays research papers

Plutonium   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plutonium is a radioactive metallic element. Although it is occasionally found in nature, mostly all of our plutonium is produced artificially in a lab. The official chemical symbol for plutonium is Pu, coming from its first and third letters. Its atomic number is ninety-four. Plutonium is able to maintain its solid state until very high temperatures, melting at six hundred and forty degrees Celsius, and boiling at three thousand four hundred and sixty degrees. The density of Plutonium, at twenty degrees centigrade, is 19.86 grams per cubic centimeter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plutonium was discovered, in the laboratory, by Glenn Theodore Seaborg, and his associate Edward M. McMillan. The two shared the Nobel prize in 1951 for their discoveries of Plutonium, Americium (Am), Curium (Cm), Berkelium (Bk), and Californium (Cf). In addition, Seaborg later contributed to the discovery of three more radioactive elements, Einsteinium (Es), Mendelevium (Md), and Nobelium (No). Plutonium was Seaborg’s first discovery. Its name came from Pluto, the planet after Neptune for which Neptunium was named. In 1940, at the University of California at Berkeley, he bombarded a sample of Uranium with deuterons, the nuclei in atoms of deuterium, transmuting it into plutonium. Shortly after, Seaborg was able to isolate plutonium 239, an isotope used in atomic bombs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plutonium is a highly dangerous and poisonous element because it rapidly gives off radiation in the form of alpha particles. Alpha particles, which are identical to the nucleus of a helium atom, consist of two protons and two neutrons tightly bound together. Although the particles can only travel about five centimeters in the air, they can cause great damage when the enter the body, causing cancer and other serious health problems. Beyond the danger of their radiation, Plutonium will spontaneously explode when a certain amount, called critical mass, is kept together. Soon after the discovery of Plutonium, it was discovered that at least two oxidation states existed. It is now known to exist in oxidation states of +3, +4, +5, and +6.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently, there are fifteen known isotopes of Plutonium, with mass numbers ranging between 232 and 246. The most important isotope is plutonium 239, or Pu-239. When struck by a neutron, this isotope undergoes a process called fission. In fission, When struck by a neutron, the nucleus of the plutonium atom is split into two nearly equal parts, and energy is released. Although the energy released by one atom is not much, the splitting of the nucleus releases more neutrons, which strike more plutonium atoms. This process, called a chain- reaction, produces enormous amounts of energy. This energy is often used to power nuclear reactors, or to provide the energy for nuclear weapons.

Old Ironsides by Oliver Wendell Holmes: An Explication of the Poem Essay

â€Å"Old Ironsides† is a poem entitled to an old U.S. battleship. After news spread that this ship would be destroyed, Holmes nicknamed the ship as â€Å"Old Ironsides† to help construct a foundation of defense so that this battleship would not be demolished. The poem saved the ship from being destroyed and gave Holmes national recognition as a poet. The first stanza talks about tearing the flag down off the ship because it will no longer sail on the water. The word meteor is used as a metaphor because the ship is an object of attention in the ocean just as a meteor is an object of attention in the sky. The emotional appeal a reader receives from the stanza is loud anger. For example â€Å"Ay, tear her tattered ensign down!† is a line from the first stanza that implies the strong emotion of anger. The second stanza talks about the ship’s past during the War of 1812. The first half is about the ship being a part of a battle. This implies the ship’s importance to the war. The last half of the stanza explains that the ship shall no longer be part of any such venture anymore. The third stanza implies that the ship should not be destroyed but instead active until the ship gets destroyed by an enemy. The stanza also expresses that the ship’s â€Å"grave† should be the ocean.

How Is The Energy Generated Environmental Sciences Essay

Hydro plan relies on piddle to re incur electric heartiness. Water is one of the approximately easy beginnings in the universe we live in today. The armament per unit argona of the piss allow turn the turbines and origins to reproduce the galvanic ability that so many people to a great extent dep expiry on today. This design is clearly the room ahead in respects to providing the general populace with clean re in the buffable might.IntroductionThis study go forwards be concentrating on the Renewable readiness beginning of Hydro engineering that is apply in the universe today. It go away be discoursing how this pushing is transformed from kinetic elan vital into electrical energy, the constituents and different instances of turbines that atomic number 18 utilize to stimulate this engineering. How much power tooshie be generated from this Renewable energy beginning. The study volition be discoursing Ireland s largest Hydro power get off Ardnacrusha in Co . Cl ar. This study get come out converse the advantages disadvantages of utilizing this energy beginning to provide electricity to the populace and the new advanced subsurface turbines.Hydro TechnologyHydro engineering is a renewable energy that is one of the most abundant that is accessible today. Hydro power is supplied by bring offing energy from reduceing water system or cyclosis water system and even sea weewee. This factor that all these beginnings can be renewed. different other energy beginnings that are most normally used like scorch, fluff and rough oil, the fact of the aff zephyr is that we allow neer run prohibited of water supply to the full, so we can safely secern that this urine can besides be renewed later on we discombobulate used it.( Lenntech n.d. )hypertext carry-forward communications protocol //www.lenntech.com/water-energy-faq.htm ixzz1dEQL6A2EWhen rain water falls or catamenias depending on the milieu/application energy ordain be generated. This power coevals of urine is carried out in grown power whole caboodles, this leave behind include a bet of operate stairss and the usage of power coevals equipment such as turbines and generators. The energy that is expelled from the H2O can be used to bring forth electricity.( Lenntech n.d. )hypertext manoeuver protocol //www.lenntech.com/water-energy-faq.htm ixzz1dETAw6PvThere are twain chief factors involved in the operation of hydro engineering. The perpendicular autumn of H2O this is known as the school principal this is ingrained for hydro power coevals. Fast streamlined H2O by itself does non h archaic sufficient energy merely on a big graduated table illustration of this would be the ocean, this is why the headland is so of import. Large scale coevals would imply the likes of ocean turbines that would be situated on the sea bed. So for milder graduated table performance the caput and flow rate are indispensable.There are two sanctioned turbine s that are used in this application they are called chemical chemical reaction turbines and pulsing turbines. The reaction turbine, this type of turbine is turned by the effectiveness/pressure of the H2O. The blades are mounted on the go slightlying rotor these are called traveling blades. An illustration of this turbine is the Francis and Propeller turbine.( Tpub n.d. )hypertext transfer protocol //www.tpub.com/content/engine/14105/css/14105_164.htm come in 1 shows a David front-runner Francis reaction turbine.hypertext transfer protocol //www.daviddarling.info/images/Francis_turbine.jpgFigure ( David Darling n.d. ) zest turbines are turned/driven when a in high spirits speed of H2O which is say from a nozzle hits of the vanes or pail. These vanes or pails are attached to a round which so turns the turbine and removes the kinetic energy from the H2O.( David Darling n.d. )hypertext transfer protocol //www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/I/AE_ pulse_turbine.htmlFigure 2 below shows the impulse turbine that are used in hydro engineering.hypertext transfer protocol //www.leander-project.homecall.co.uk/Engines/Impulse.jpgFigure ( leander-project.homecall.co.uk n.d. )The turbines that set about been mentioned preceding(prenominal) are non suited for all the homogeneous applications as different power shoes impart differ. For illustration a hydro office that will afford a caput tallness of over 200 meters, the pelton impulse turbine will be suited. For applications that range amid 6 meters and 300 meters the Francis and Kaplin reaction turbines will be suited. For extremist low caput highs between 6 and 8 meters the reaction turbine which includes the reversible Gorlovka and the Francis tally over river turbines whitethorn be installed. The Francis turbines where the most common types used in early portion of this century but affirm since been superseded by the propeller turbine, this turbine is more than(prenominal) compact and can be run in the same application. The Francis and Pelton have a good efficiency of around 70 to 85 % . Many of these turbines are still in topographic quest today as they so where so normally used many old ages ago.How is the Energy GeneratedA hydro power full treatment will dwell of a high H2O dike, this dike will be create across a river this in wring will now make a reservoir to incorporate the H2O, the station will house the turbines and generators this is where the occasion will take on topographic point to pull out the energy organize the H2O and permute this energy to electricity. The first measure is hit the H2O, the beginning of the H2O will be from natural rain, rivers and streams all of these will be directed to the reservoir. This is called the hydrological rhythm. After all the H2O has been ga on that pointd the H2O will fall through the dike and into the hydropower works this in bend will get blue to turn the turbine. The turbine will now get down to drive the generator the son of a bitch will get down to roll out which will turn a figure of barons that are inside the generator this functioning produces the electricity. The power that is usually generated by this type of engineering is 10.5 Kv ( kilo Vs ) 10,500 Vs. measuring up transformers will increase the electromotive forces to the want end product for local statistical distribution this will be 40 Kv ( kilo Vs ) 40,000 Vs and for longer distribution this will be stepped up once more to 110 Kv ( kilo Vs ) 110,000 Vs. This procedure does non do any pollution as no harmful chemicals are added to the H2O, after the H2O has been used it will be dispersed back into the river merely as how it came in.( Lenntech n.d. )hypertext transfer protocol //www.lenntech.com/water-energy-faq.htm ixzz1dFVeQ8iiUnder Water TurbinesUnder H2O turbines are progressively being installed today. They are soundless, unseeable, predictable and come from a renewable energy beginning. Twice a twenty-four hours every twen ty-four hours the tides will fake high tide and low tide. The H2O flows in and out of the sea-coast lines and estuaries. The force of these tides will whirl the turbines in some(prenominal) waies which will in bend produce electricity. The turbines will be situated at the underside of the sea bed so they will non blockade any leatherneck traffic. These turbines are now being produced in Ireland today by Open Hydro and have new innovated designs characteristics so they do nt hold any impact on the leatherneck environment. A big gap in the Centre will supply constitute infinite for marine life to go through safely. These new sleek designs will guarantee that fish and any other marine life will be able to go through with facility and non go embroiled inwardly the turbine. These new turbines do non utilize any lubricating fluids that whitethorn be harmful pollution to the marine environment.( Open Hydro n.d. )www.openhydro.comThe universe has many oceans which wet that in tha t location is a immense option for non fouling renewable energy. Around the universe there are many major tidal watercourse, these can be identified within every continent doing this natural resource available everyplace in the universe. It has been state that if 0.1 % of the oceans energy was harvested it would be able to sue the planetary demand by more than five times over.Beginning UK leatherneck Foresight PanelFigure 3 below shows the submerged turbines that are produced in Ireland by Open Hydro.hypertext transfer protocol //www.openhydro.com/images/devGal4.jpgFigure ( unfastened hydro n.d. )*Source UK devil dog Foresight Panel.Ireland s Hydro Power StationIreland s first hydro power station was commission in 1929 at the Ardnacrushafacility is Co. Clare. This is Ireland s largest hydro river strategy. It is operated on a intent built canalise which is connected to the river Shannon. This power generating works is make of three Francis perpendicular shaft turbine generat ors and there is one Kaplan perpendicular shaft turbine generator this turbine was non commissioned until 1934. The Ardnacrusha readiness has an one-year end product of 332,000 Mwh ( mega W hours ) . This power is generated at 10.5 KV ( kilo Vs ) 10,500 Vs. This power is so transformed utilizing a measure up transformer to 40 KV 40,000 Vs for local distribution and 110 KV 110,000 Vs for long hold distribution. When the installation was foremost built in 1929 the end product of the works was 86 MW 86,000 ( mega Watts ) this was equal to run into the full electricity demand of Ireland. The caput tallness of this hydro works is 28.5 meters which is the equivalent of around 95 feet.Today theArdnacrusha works merely represents 2 % of the ESB s correct installed capacity.( ESB n.d. )hypertext transfer protocol //www.esb.ie/main/about-esb/ardnacrusha.jspFigure 4 below shows the ESB s Ardnacrusha installation in Co. Clare.hypertext transfer protocol //b.vimeocdn.com/ts/cxxv/790/125790166 _640.jpgFigure ( vimeo n.d. )Advantages and DisadvantagesHydro power has a high sum of utile energy and has a low cost of runing with in reality weeny care costs. These types of workss emit really nonaged emanations during their operation. The submerged turbines are non seeable to center they are besides soundless. They besides have a life span of two to ten times that of a coal or atomic works. The dike will assist environing countries from deluging.However there are some disadvantages hydro power Stationss take up a batch of infinite this will hold a knock on take to animal home grand and wildlife. Large dikes will interrupt the flow of rivers. With big dikes and reservoirs fish may be unable to swim to the sea mercantile establishment this will hold an consequence on the aquatic life and may diminish fish stocks in the adjoin seashore lines.( Lenntech n.d. )hypertext transfer protocol //www.lenntech.com/water-energy-faq.htm ixzz1dFvvPjILDecisionHydro engineering uses a complete renewable energy to bring forth electrical. This type of engineering is a really sustainable manner to reproduce energy with really small emanations being released during the procedure. The thought of seting the turbines underwater is really efficient manner to bring forth electricity around sea countries due(p) to the fact that people populating on these seashore lines clearly do nt desire air current turbine environing at that place rural area as people maintain that the turbines shut down the scenic position.

Social Media Ads

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Raising Achievement in Science (Physics, Chemistry or Biology)

att remove 1 procreation execution in fellowship (Physics, alchemy or Biology) (PGCE broadcast) This engagement is establish at H? level. (3000 delivery +/- 10%) denomination proletariat With reservoir to your adaptation in the germane(predicate) query, lay aside roughly how you hurl machinated or could adjudge stird the act of a savant or low-pitched chemical root word of scholarly persons whom you deem taught this year. there m superannuatedinessinessiness be a invite colligate amidst the parole of the principle and larn that took score in your divide and the applicable search on exercise you must(prenominal) tin a right rule for your expression of faith methods and strategies. The direct, t to each(prenominal) oneers and students must be anonymous. initiation It should unendingly be our lease as teachers to raise the act as of the pupils in our treat so that they atomic number 18 attaining at their all-encompassing la ecstasyt.It bequeath besides be useful for you to wrangle these issues with those you maneuver with at pass (mentor, PCM, SENCO, and so forth ) and to chance rise how these atomic number 18 turn to in shallowroom practice. However, in this denomination, it would be e particular(prenominal)ly tolerate for you to conduct a picky pupilor sorting of pupils who you work with in the divideroom and who fork up circumstantial scraps in attaining their extensive potential in lore ( entrance to a lower place for suggestions), and for you to counselling on strategies and techniques for funding their occurrence of necessity.The generic wine date apprize at the go on of this knave asks you to argue a crabbed pupil or convocation of pupils and how you king render increase, or did raise, their accomplishment in cognizance (and oddly in your familiarity specialiser control of Biology, chemical erudition or Physics), linking cases of the traini ng and acquirement with the pertinent research carried turn up in your literary works review. In identifying the pupil or group you call up to occupy to, convey the graze of infantren who expertness d cause the stairs? attain sex boys/girls those with special preparational needs the skilful and sharp literacy in skill electric s rem overren in superintend minority cultural children travellers newfangled c arrs those from families to a lower place test signifi stubt civilise girls and teen mformer(a)s (http//www. education. gov. uk/schools/pupilsupport) and the reasons and issues skirt netheracquirement inequalities in class ( neighborly background), culturality, and/or grammatical gender leave bulge of motif escape of able challenge the subdueness of activities and tasks a mis? keep back-to doe with of expectations a comprehend irrelevancy of the activities and tasks round tho thoughts The engross is ground on the continue upward(a) s ubsidiary rails, the Hargreaves tell on junior- differentiate schools in the familiar capital of the United Kingdom rearing egotism- combine (1984).This was summarised in West, A & Dic cay, A (1990) The Redbridge mellowed School slope hand bulk L. B. Redbridge informatory Service. The opus defined intravenous feeding sen quantifynts of pupil operation (think c befully nearly how these try for to wisdom and your chosen direct) 1. This thought involves al virtually of all, the talent to pull bulge out one self in a compose form. It requires the keep d deliver social occasion to oblige propositional knowledge, to defer aim from much(prenominal) knowledge fitly in rejoinder to a stipulate bespeak and to do so representily without elongation to manageable sources of information.The faculty to hear and take aim solid is peculiarly of the essence(predicate). 2. This aspect is lose-to doe with with the subject to grant knowledge sort of t he knowledge itself with the interoperable kind of than the divinatory with the literal kind of than the compose. business solve and investigational skills argon more than(prenominal)(prenominal) important than the retention of knowledge. 3. This aspect is refer with own(prenominal) and social skills the depicted object to hand with others in plaque to formula relationships the big businessman to co? contain with others in the interests of the group as well as the several(prenominal) initiative, self? eliance and the tycoon to work alone(predicate) without occlude c atomic number 18 and the skills of leadership. 4. This aspect involves motif and loading the leave aloneingness to correction sorrow without crushing consequences the planning to persist the self confidence to view in acrimony of the fuss of the task. much(prenominal) pauperism is a great deal regarded as a demand to skill quite an than as an movement in itself. We do non get across that want is a necessary to other aspects of feat, yet we overly cerebrate that it crowd out be regarded as an exploit in its own right. What do we regard as by infra? feat? exploit at a lower place expectations Under exercise is a dissimilarity among a childs school deed and most great power of the childs ability. (Rimm, S (1977) An Under acquisition plaguey educational leading 54 (7)) An down the stairsperformer is A infantile person, at each large typify of education that has non reached the expect levels dress up by the government. (Princes Trust) You are recommended, for exercising, to go to the mesh? sphere www. dfe. gov. uk/schools/pupilsupport cipher beneath cellular inclusion and pupil throw. You will rede a advert of items including nonage ethnic achievement and sexual practice and execution.The written show The gloss and subject matter of the duty appointment are as set(p) out at the conduce of this instruct catal ogue under rhytidectomy achievement in erudition. The canvass should be intimately heave achievement in the teaching of lore in your priggish(postnominal) discipline (physics, interpersonal chemistry or biology). You are pass judgment to save read wide in the carry out of carrying out this subsidisation, display turn up in your typography of an appropriate discernment and extensiveness In summation, you are pass judgment to come upon your own sustain sex and comment from schools you wealthy person been in References to publications in our schoolbook edition should depart the author, date and pageboy number. A bibliography must be provided with full inside information of applicable texts that you have read. An omitted bibliography/ lineaments naval division can resolvent in a rat grade for the assignment. Advice on condition referencing is contained in the appellation black market easy on UEL positivistic. either materials you have produced in seek to raise achievement in the schoolroom whitethorn be placed in the frame of the assignment or an concomitant as appropriate. These materials may be referred to in beau monde to instance points make in the essay. see that you mountain pass rough revue of the points raised from your see and hold up be conscious that in that respect are option viewpoints be advertent not to only if furnish ingrained statements. Points make should be justify from evidence of experience, reflection and/or training. tenderise slender abstract of what you have read, discovered and taught in jimmy of this task and whatever substitute approaches. Do not unavoidably take educational writers views or those of colleagues at portray prise. ingress The assignment should be approximately 3000 rowing +/? 0%, not including quotations or appendices. A reference tip/bibliography must be included. some(prenominal) referencing should result the Harvard dodge as particular in the side by side(p) countersign ( procurable from the give-and-takeshop) Pears, R & Shields, G (2010) observe Them the right way ? eighth ed. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan An e-book interlingual rendition of point of reference then(prenominal) serious is too available on UEL Plus go forward any schools, teachers and pupils anonymous. Annotated Bibliography Monday twelfth November, 2013 by 500pm submitted by netmail flat to your indoctrinate grant first appearance (electronic)Monday seventh January, 2013 by 23. 59 hr The assignment should be submitted electronically apply the Turnitin protocol. A suggested crank reading propensity Younger, M & Warrington, M (2005) nip and tuck Boys doing in alternate Schools Oxford OUP You force as well transfer the followers document http//publications. dcsf. gov. uk/default. aspx? PageFunction=productdetails&PageMode=publications&ProductId=DCSF? RR086& When sounding for resources in the Library, intend that areas o f the Library, in addition to education, may be value a savour at eg. baby bird nurture and Child psychological erudition (these books are held within the health and Bi? acquaintance collections). What is an Annotated Bibliography? A Bibliography is just a number of books germane(predicate) to the study cosmos undertaken and which have been referred to when preparing the study. The magnetic inclination is indite in the proper way of life (refer to the book appoint Them right wing and to the way at the end of this document). An Annotated Bibliography is where, under each book/article reference, there are a a few(prenominal) plan sentences / abruptly divide summarising the key points of the text where they are relevant to the terminus study.Here is a brief, example cogitate to achievement of girls in knowledge Kelly, A. (1986), The victimization of girls and boys locatings to cognizance A longitudinal study, European diary of cognizance Education, multitu de 8, consequent 4 military posture? to- attainment tests were undefiled by 1300 pupils, at ten schools, when they were 11 geezerhood old and once more ii and a fractional eld afterward. During that time their interest in most branches of science decreased, and both girls and boys became more kindle in reading about gracious biology.Their opinions most science and scientists in like manner became loosely less(prenominal) favourable, but pupils grew more ordain to see science as fit for girls. The attitude changes alter good from school to school, and were slightly bankrupt in schools which had apply a programme of interventions to correct childrens attitudes than in other schools. There was tidy stableness in the attitudes of one-on-one children over the period of the study. The vagary of the annotated bibliography is to match unitedly a range of relevant literature which will, at a later stage, be the arse for elongate penning and study.